Insufficient clamping force results from tightening a fastener to a level lower than the designed initial tension. This tension, also known as preload, is the force that clamps the joined parts together. When the achieved tension is less than intended, the joint’s integrity is compromised.
Maintaining appropriate clamping force is critical to prevent joint slippage, fatigue failure, and loosening due to vibration or external loads. Historically, proper fastener tightening has been essential in engineering and construction to guarantee the safety and reliability of structures and machines.