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A parallel circuit is a type of electrical circuit in which the components are connected side-by-side, rather than in a series. This allows the current to flow through multiple paths, which can be beneficial in some situations. For example, if one of the components in a parallel circuit fails, the other components will still receive power.

Parallel circuits are also used to increase the overall current flow in a circuit. This can be useful in applications where a high current is required, such as in powering electric motors or lighting systems.

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A local area network (LAN) is a group of computers and other devices that are connected together in a limited geographical area, such as a home, school, or office building. LANs can be used to share files, printers, and other resources, and to play games or communicate with other users on the network.

LANs are an important part of modern computing, and they offer a number of benefits over traditional wide area networks (WANs). LANs are typically faster and more reliable than WANs, and they are also more secure. Additionally, LANs are easier to set up and manage than WANs.

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A cipher is a method of transforming plaintext (readable text) into ciphertext (encoded text) using an algorithm (set of rules). Ciphers are used for encryption, the process of converting plaintext into ciphertext, and decryption, the process of converting ciphertext back into plaintext.

Ciphers have been used for centuries to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access. Some of the most famous ciphers include the Caesar cipher, the Enigma machine, and the Data Encryption Standard (DES). Modern ciphers are typically implemented using computers and are much more complex than their historical counterparts. However, the basic principles of cipher design remain the same.

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