When a vehicle is hit by a high-voltage electrical discharge from the atmosphere, the exterior metal body typically acts as a Faraday cage. This phenomenon channels the electricity around the occupants, rather than through them, providing a degree of protection. The charge seeks the path of least resistance to the ground.
The effectiveness of this protective effect is contingent on the vehicle’s construction. Older vehicles with thicker metal bodies may offer more inherent protection than modern vehicles, which often incorporate more plastic and composite materials. However, tires, being insulators, prevent direct grounding, often leading to the charge dissipating through other pathways.