In the context of shoulder osteoarthritis, cartilage is the key connective tissue. This specialized tissue provides a smooth, low-friction surface that enables effortless movement between bones within the joint. Specifically, hyaline cartilage, found lining the surfaces of the humeral head (the ball) and the glenoid fossa (the socket), allows the shoulder to rotate and articulate without pain or restriction. When osteoarthritis develops, this cartilage progressively deteriorates.
The integrity of articular cartilage is critical for maintaining normal joint function and preventing bone-on-bone contact. Its breakdown leads to inflammation, pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion hallmark symptoms of osteoarthritis. Historically, managing cartilage damage has posed a significant challenge in orthopedic medicine, driving research into various treatment strategies aimed at either preserving remaining cartilage or stimulating its regeneration. The health of articular cartilage is essential for overall shoulder joint health and function.
