South America features some of the most imposing peaks on Earth, dominated by the Andes mountain range. These geological features are characterized by extreme altitudes, challenging climates, and significant biodiversity at varying elevations. They are a defining element of the continent’s geography and exert a powerful influence on regional weather patterns.
The high-altitude mountains provide essential water resources through glacial melt and snowpack, supporting downstream communities and ecosystems. Historically, these elevated areas have been central to indigenous cultures, serving as sites for religious ceremonies, strategic defense, and agricultural adaptation. Their presence shapes patterns of settlement, resource management, and economic activity.
